Paraxanthine, a metabolite of caffeine, increases strength, muscle size and endurance, according to an American-Indian animal study. In addition, paraxanthine supplementation may improve cardiovascular health.
Paraxanthine
Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine. Paraxanthine, like caffeine, is a stimulant, but has fewer side effects than caffeine. Ingenious Ingredients [ing2.com] markets paraxanthine as an application for the supplement industry as Enfinity.
The authors of the study we are now discussing are affiliated with Ingenious Ingredients. This company is also the creator of dileucine.
By the way, the scientists behind Ingenious Ingredients are prominent figures in the supplement industry. Ralf Jaeger and Martin Purpura were involved in the development of curcumin applications with increased bioavailability, probiotics that increase the digestibility of proteins and the creatine-tarragon combination. They also investigated the ergogenic effect of supplementation with phosphatidic acid and the combination of HMB Free Acid and ATP.
The list is by no means exhaustive.
Study
In India, research company Radiant Research Services conducted an animal study for Ingenious Research, in which mice were given a dose of paraxanthine via the oral route of paraxanthine every day for 4 weeks. If the mice had been adult humans, they would have consumed 80-100 milligrams of paraxanthine daily.
Mice in different control groups were given nothing [Control], alpha-GPC, L-theanine or taurine for 4 weeks. The human equivalent of the daily doses was 200, 50 or 500 milligrams, respectively.
All mice had to run for 60 minutes on a treadmill 5 days a week.
Just before and on the last day of the supplementation period, the researchers determined how much force the mice could develop with their front paws, how long they could continue to run on a treadmill and the size of their soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.
Results
Administration of paraxanthine increased the muscle strength, endurance and muscle size of the mice.
The table below suggests how paraxanthine might work. The researchers discovered that paraxanthine increased the concentration of nitric oxide [NO] in the mice. Nitric oxide makes blood vessels more flexible, and may increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to muscle cells.
The table also suggests that paraxanthine improves cholesterol levels. Paraxanthine provides more of the 'good cholesterol' HDL, and less of the 'bad cholesterol' LDL and fewer triglycerides. That may mean that paraxanthine reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
"Our results suggest that paraxanthine is an effective ingredient for various aspects of sports performance and may enhance cardiovascular health", the researchers write.
Source:
Nutrients. 2022 Feb; 14(4): 893.
Paraxanthine
Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine. Paraxanthine, like caffeine, is a stimulant, but has fewer side effects than caffeine. Ingenious Ingredients [ing2.com] markets paraxanthine as an application for the supplement industry as Enfinity.
The authors of the study we are now discussing are affiliated with Ingenious Ingredients. This company is also the creator of dileucine.
By the way, the scientists behind Ingenious Ingredients are prominent figures in the supplement industry. Ralf Jaeger and Martin Purpura were involved in the development of curcumin applications with increased bioavailability, probiotics that increase the digestibility of proteins and the creatine-tarragon combination. They also investigated the ergogenic effect of supplementation with phosphatidic acid and the combination of HMB Free Acid and ATP.
The list is by no means exhaustive.
Study
In India, research company Radiant Research Services conducted an animal study for Ingenious Research, in which mice were given a dose of paraxanthine via the oral route of paraxanthine every day for 4 weeks. If the mice had been adult humans, they would have consumed 80-100 milligrams of paraxanthine daily.
Mice in different control groups were given nothing [Control], alpha-GPC, L-theanine or taurine for 4 weeks. The human equivalent of the daily doses was 200, 50 or 500 milligrams, respectively.
All mice had to run for 60 minutes on a treadmill 5 days a week.
Just before and on the last day of the supplementation period, the researchers determined how much force the mice could develop with their front paws, how long they could continue to run on a treadmill and the size of their soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.
Results
Administration of paraxanthine increased the muscle strength, endurance and muscle size of the mice.
The table below suggests how paraxanthine might work. The researchers discovered that paraxanthine increased the concentration of nitric oxide [NO] in the mice. Nitric oxide makes blood vessels more flexible, and may increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to muscle cells.
The table also suggests that paraxanthine improves cholesterol levels. Paraxanthine provides more of the 'good cholesterol' HDL, and less of the 'bad cholesterol' LDL and fewer triglycerides. That may mean that paraxanthine reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
"Our results suggest that paraxanthine is an effective ingredient for various aspects of sports performance and may enhance cardiovascular health", the researchers write.
Source:
Nutrients. 2022 Feb; 14(4): 893.